Ofufuza apeza ma enzymes awiri m'malovu a nyongolotsi zomwe mwachibadwa zimathyola pulasitiki wamba m'maola ochepa kutentha.
Polyethylene ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilichonse kuyambira zotengera zakudya mpaka matumba ogula.Tsoka ilo, kulimba kwake kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yoipitsitsa mosalekeza-polima iyenera kukonzedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti ayambe kuwononga.
Malovu a njuchi amakhala ndi puloteni yokhayo yomwe imadziwika kuti imagwira ntchito pa polyethylene yomwe sinasinthidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe awa akhale othandiza kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso.
Katswiri wa zamoyo zamamolekyulu komanso mlimi wa njuchi Federica Bertocchini mwangozi adatulukira luso la nyongolotsi zowononga pulasitiki zaka zingapo zapitazo.
"Kumapeto kwa nyengo, alimi a njuchi nthawi zambiri amaika ming'oma yopanda kanthu kuti abwerere kumunda kumapeto kwa masika," Bertocchini adauza AFP posachedwa.
Anatsuka mng'oma ndi kuika mphutsi zonse m'matumba apulasitiki.Atabwerera patapita nthawi, adapeza kuti chikwamacho chinali "chotayira".
Waxwings ( Galleria mellonella ) ndi mphutsi zomwe zimasanduka njenjete zazing'ono pakapita nthawi.Pa siteji ya mphutsi, mphutsi zimakhazikika mumng'oma, kudya phula ndi mungu.
Kutsatira kupezedwa kosangalatsa kumeneku, Bertocchini ndi gulu lake ku Center for Biological Research Margherita Salas ku Madrid adayamba kusanthula malovu a phula ndikufalitsa zotsatira zawo mu Nature Communications.
Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri: gel permeation chromatography, yomwe imalekanitsa mamolekyu kutengera kukula kwake, ndi mawonekedwe a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, omwe amazindikiritsa tizidutswa ta maselo potengera kuchuluka kwake kwa kuchuluka kwacharge.
Iwo adatsimikizira kuti malovu amaphwanya unyolo wautali wa hydrocarbon wa polyethylene kukhala maunyolo ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi okosijeni.
Kenako adagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa proteinomic kuti azindikire "ma enzyme owerengeka" m'malovu, awiri omwe awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi oxidize polyethylene, ofufuzawo alemba.
Ofufuzawo adatcha ma enzymes "Demeter" ndi "Ceres" pambuyo pa milungu yakale yachi Greek ndi Aroma yaulimi, motsatana.
"Kudziwa kwathu, ma polyvinylases awa ndi ma enzyme oyambirira omwe amatha kusintha mafilimu a polyethylene kutentha kwapakati pa nthawi yochepa," ofufuzawo analemba.
Iwo anawonjezera kuti chifukwa chakuti ma enzyme awiriwa amagonjetsa "gawo loyamba ndi lovuta kwambiri pazochitika zowonongeka," ndondomekoyi ingaimire "njira ina" yoyendetsera zinyalala.
Bertocchini adauza a AFP kuti kafukufukuyu akadali koyambirira, ma enzymes mwina adasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndikutsanuliridwa papulasitiki pamalo obwezeretsanso.Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali popanda mitsuko ya zinyalala kapena ngakhale m'mabanja amodzi.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali m'nyanja ndi m'nthaka akusintha kuti azidya pulasitiki, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2021.
Mu 2016, ofufuza adanena kuti ku Japan kunapezeka bakiteriya yomwe imaphwanya polyethylene terephthalate (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti PET kapena polyester).Izi pambuyo pake zidalimbikitsa asayansi kupanga enzyme yomwe imatha kuphwanya mwachangu mabotolo akumwa apulasitiki.
Pafupifupi matani 400 miliyoni a zinyalala zamapulasitiki amapangidwa chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi, pafupifupi 30% mwazo ndi polyethylene.Ndi 10% yokha mwa matani 7 biliyoni a zinyalala zomwe zapangidwa padziko lapansi zomwe zasinthidwa mpaka pano, ndikusiya zinyalala zambiri padziko lapansi.
Kuchepetsa ndi kugwiritsiranso ntchito zipangizo mosakayika kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya zinyalala za pulasitiki pa chilengedwe, koma kukhala ndi zida zoyeretsera zowonongeka kungatithandize kuthetsa vuto la zinyalala za pulasitiki.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-07-2023
