Masu bincike sun gano nau'ikan enzymes guda biyu a cikin ruwan tsutsotsin kakin zuma wadanda a dabi'ance suke karya robobi na yau da kullun cikin sa'o'i a cikin dakin da zafin jiki.
Polyethylene na ɗaya daga cikin robobi da aka fi amfani da su a duniya, ana amfani da su a cikin komai daga kwantena abinci zuwa buhunan kasuwa.Abin takaici, taurin sa kuma ya sa ya zama gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu-dole ne a sarrafa polymer ɗin a yanayin zafi mai zafi don fara aikin lalata.
Waxworm saliva ya ƙunshi enzyme guda ɗaya da aka sani yana aiki akan polyethylene wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba, yana sa waɗannan sunadaran da ke faruwa a zahiri suna da amfani sosai don sake amfani da su.
Masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta kuma mai son kudan zuma Federica Bertocchini da gangan ya gano ikon tsutsotsin kakin zuma na lalata filastik a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
"A karshen kakar wasa, masu kiwon kudan zuma sukan ajiye 'yan amya marasa komai don komawa filin a cikin bazara," kwanan nan Bertocchini ya shaida wa AFP.
Ta share hive ta sanya duk tsutsotsin kakin zuma a cikin jaka.Dawowa bayan ɗan lokaci, ta gano cewa jakar tana "leaky".
Waxwings (Galleria mellonella) tsutsa ce da ke juyewa zuwa asu ɗan gajeren lokaci.A lokacin tsutsa, tsutsotsin suna zaune a cikin hive, suna ciyar da beeswax da pollen.
Bayan wannan binciken mai farin ciki, Bertocchini da tawagarta a Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halitta Margherita Salas da ke Madrid sun shirya yin nazarin ɗumbin tsutsotsi kuma sun buga sakamakonsu a cikin Sadarwar yanayi.
Masu binciken sun yi amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu: gel permeation chromatography, wanda ke raba kwayoyin halitta dangane da girman su, da kuma iskar gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, wanda ke gano gutsuttsuran kwayoyin halitta bisa ga yawan adadin su.
Sun tabbatar da cewa saliva yana rushe dogayen sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon na polyethylene zuwa ƙarami, sarƙoƙi mai oxidized.
Daga nan sai suka yi amfani da bincike na proteomic don gano "dimbin enzymes" a cikin miya, biyu daga cikinsu an nuna su don oxidize polyethylene, masu binciken sun rubuta.
Masu binciken sun sanya sunan enzymes "Demeter" da "Ceres" bayan tsoffin alloli na Girka da na Romawa na noma, bi da bi.
"A cikin iliminmu, waɗannan polyvinylases sune enzymes na farko da ke iya yin irin wannan gyare-gyare ga fina-finai na polyethylene a dakin da zafin jiki a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci," masu binciken sun rubuta.
Sun kara da cewa saboda enzymes guda biyu sun shawo kan "mataki na farko kuma mafi wahala a cikin tsarin lalacewa," tsarin zai iya wakiltar "madadin yanayin" don sarrafa sharar gida.
Bertocchini ya shaidawa kamfanin dillancin labarai na AFP cewa, yayin da bincike ke kan matakin farko, mai yiwuwa an hada sinadaran da ruwa aka zuba a kan robobi a wuraren sake yin amfani da su.Ana iya amfani da su a wurare masu nisa ba tare da rumbun shara ba ko ma a cikin gidaje guda ɗaya.
Kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin teku da ƙasa suna haɓaka don ciyar da filastik, bisa ga binciken 2021.
A cikin 2016, masu bincike sun ba da rahoton cewa an gano kwayar cutar a cikin wani yanki na kasar Japan wanda ya rushe polyethylene terephthalate (wanda aka sani da PET ko polyester).Wannan daga baya ya ƙarfafa masana kimiyya don ƙirƙirar wani enzyme wanda zai iya rushe kwalabe na abin sha cikin sauri.
Kimanin tan miliyan 400 na sharar filastik ana samar da ita kowace shekara a duniya, kusan kashi 30% na polyethylene.Kashi 10% na tan biliyan 7 na sharar da ake samarwa a duniya ya zuwa yanzu an sake yin amfani da su, wanda ya bar barna mai yawa a duniya.
Ragewa da sake amfani da kayan ba shakka ba zai rage tasirin dattin filastik a kan muhalli ba, amma samun kayan aikin tsaftace kayan aiki na iya taimaka mana wajen magance matsalar sharar filastik.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-07-2023
